BIODEGRADAVEL INTRAOCULAR IMPLANT, USE OF THE SAME AND METHOD TO DO THE SAME

专利摘要:
INTRAOCULAR IMPLANT CONTAINING PROSTAMIDE Intraocular implants containing biodegradable prostamide, prostamide compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing prostamide, and methods for producing and using such implants and compositions for immediate and sustained pressure reduction and treatment of intraocular glaucoma in a patient's eye are described.
公开号:BR112015022161B1
申请号:R112015022161-0
申请日:2014-03-14
公开日:2020-11-24
发明作者:Michael R. Robinson；Patrick M. Hughes；Robert M. Burk；David F. Woodward；Jie Shen；Hui Liu；Jinping Wan；Chandrasekar Durairaj；Gyorgy F. Ambrus；Ke Wu；Danny T. Dinh
申请人:Allergan, Inc；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

CROSS REFERENCE
[0001] This claim claims priority under 35 USC § 119 (e) from US provisional order Serial No. 61 / 798,291, filed March 15, 2013, US Provisional Order No. Serial 61 / 877,573, filed on September 13, 2013, and US Provisional Order No. Serial 61 / 898,210, filed on October 31, 2013, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. FUNDAMENTALS
[0002] The present invention relates generally to devices and methods for treating a patient's eye, and more specifically for intraocular implants that provide the prolonged release of a therapeutic agent to an eye in which the implant is placed to treat the ocular hypertension, such as by at least reducing or maintaining intraocular pressure (IOP), and methods of preparing and using such implants.
[0003] Ocular hypotensive agents are useful in the treatment of a number of different ocular hypertensive conditions, such as post-surgical hypertensive episodes and laser ocular powder-trabeculectomy, glaucoma and as pre-surgical adjuvants.
[0004] Glaucoma is a disease of the eye usually characterized by an increase in intraocular pressure. Based on its etiology, glaucoma has been classified as either primary or secondary. For example, primary glaucoma in adults (congenital glaucoma) can be open-angle, closed-angle, or acute or chronic. Secondary glaucoma results from pre-existing eye diseases, such as an intraocular tumor uveitis or an enlarged cataract.
[4] The increase in intraocular tension in glaucoma is due to obstruction of the outflow of aqueous humor. In chronic open-angle glaucoma, the anterior chamber and its anatomical structures appear essentially normal, but drainage of aqueous humor is impeded. In acute or chronic closed-angle glaucoma, the anterior chamber is shallow, the filtration angle is narrowed, and the iris can obstruct the trabecular meshwork at the entrance to the Schlemm canal. Pupil dilation can push the root of the iris forward against the angle, and can produce a pupillary block and thus precipitate an acute attack. Eyes with narrow anterior camera angles are predisposed to attacks of acute closed-angle glaucoma of varying degrees of severity.
[5] Secondary glaucoma is caused by any interference with the flow of aqueous humor from the posterior chamber to the anterior chamber and, subsequently, into the Schlemm canal. Inflammatory disease of the anterior segment can prevent water leakage, causing complete posterior synechiae in the bornbe iris and can connect the drainage channel with exudates. Other common causes are intraocular tumors, enlarged cataracts, occlusion of the central retinal vein, trauma to the eye, operative procedures and intraocular hemorrhage.
[6] Reducing intraocular pressure can help prevent glaucoma or loss of vision due to glaucoma. Currently, eye drops containing therapeutically active agents for reducing intraocular pressure are administered to many patients, who can use the drops one or more times a day to reduce the high intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma.
[7] It would be advantageous to provide implantable drug delivery systems in the eye, such as intraocular implants, and methods of using such systems, which are capable of delivering a therapeutic agent, such as a hypotensive (or IOP-reducing) adjuvant, at a sustained or controlled rate over long periods of time and in amounts with few negative or absent side effects to thereby reduce intraocular pressure in a patient's eye, including but not limited to patients suffering from, or at risk of developing glaucoma. SUMMARY
[8] Prolonged long-term reduction in intraocular pressure in the eye can be provided by intraocular administration of one or more of the biodegradable intraocular implants described herein. A biodegradable intraocular implant according to the present invention comprises or consists of a biodegradable polymeric material and a therapeutic agent associated with the biodegradable polymeric material. Implants can be administered to the eye as monotherapy and can deliver the therapeutic agent directly to an ocular region of the eye in an amount effective to reduce elevated intraocular pressure (ocular hypertension) in the eye over a prolonged period, such as, for example, during 1 -6 months or more. Implants can also be used to treat or prevent glaucoma or other medical conditions of the eye associated with elevated intraocular pressure.
[9] The therapeutic agent contained by the intraocular implant of the present invention can comprise, consist essentially of, or consist of, a compound that is effective in reducing intraocular pressure in a hypertensive eye. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent comprises or consists of a compound having Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a prodrug ester thereof,
where the wavy segments represent an α or β bond, the dashed lines represent a double bond or a single bond, R is a substituted heteroaryl radical, where each R1 is selected independently from the group consisting of hydrogen and a radical lower alkyl having up to six carbon atoms, X is -OR1, -N (R1) 2, or -N (R5) SO2R6, and that R5 is hydrogen or CH2OR6, R6 represents hydrogen, a lower alkyl radical having up to six atoms carbon, a substituted halogen derivative of said lower alkyl radical, or a fluorine substituted derivative of said lower alkyl radical, and R15 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical having up to six carbon atoms; and Y is = 0 or represents 2 hydrogen atoms.
[10] The substituents on the heteroaryl radical substituted in Formula I can be selected from the group consisting of Cl to Cβ alkyl; halogen atoms (such as fluorine, chlorine and bromine); trifluoromethyl (CF3); COR1 (such as COCH3); COCF3; SO2N (R1) 2 (as SO2NH2); NO2; and CN.
[11] In more specific embodiments, the therapeutic agent may comprise or consist of a compound having Formula II, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a prodrug ester,
where R1, X, Y, R5, R6, and R15 are all as defined above for Formula I, and where Z is selected from the group consisting of 0 and S, where A is selected from the group consisting of N, ~ CH, and C, R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, and a lower alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R3 and R4 are selected independently from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or, together with
R3 and R4 form a condensed aryl ring.
[12] In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent contained by the implant of the present invention comprises or consists of a compound having Formula II, in which at least one of R2, R3 or R4 is selected independently from the group consisting of chlorine, bromine, and C 1 -C 6 alkyl. In more specific embodiments, at least one of R2, R3 or R4 is chlorine or bromine. In more specific modalities, at least one of R, R or R and 23 bromine. In a more specific embodiment, at least two of R, R 'or R4 are chlorine. In some embodiments, the therapeutic agent comprises or consists of a compound having Formula II, wherein at least one of R2, R3 or R4 is ethyl, propyl, or butyl. In some embodiments, R6 is methyl, ethyl or trifluoromethyl. In one embodiment, the therapeutic agent comprises or consists of a compound having Formula II, wherein R 15 is hydrogen or methyl.
[13] In one embodiment the therapeutic agent comprises or consists of a compound having the formula II, where X is - N (R4) 2 and Y is = 0.
[14] In one embodiment, the therapeutic agent contained by the implant of the present invention comprises or consists of a compound having formula III
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug ester thereof, X is -OH or -N (R1) 2 <and wherein R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1 -C6 alkyl.
[15] In another embodiment, the therapeutic agent comprises or consists of a compound having the formula IV
or one or a prodrug salt or ester, its pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where X is -OH or -NIR1), and where R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-6 alkyl.
[16] In a specific embodiment, the therapeutic agent comprises or consists of a compound having formula IV where X is -NH2. This compound is referred to here as Compound 1 and has the following structure:

[17] In another embodiment, the therapeutic agent comprises or consists of a compound having formula IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where X is - OH. This compound is referred to here as Compound 2 and has the following structure:

[18] It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that Formulas I-IV contains one or more stereocenters. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the scope of the present invention includes all enantiomers and diastereomers of general formulas I-IV and their racemic mixtures. Some compounds having any of Formulas I-IV can form salts with pharmaceutically acceptable acids or bases, and such pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds are also within the scope of the invention.
[19] Accordingly, the present invention provides a biodegradable intraocular implant effective for reducing intraocular pressure in a patient's eye, wherein the implant comprises or consists of a biodegradable polymeric material and a compound having the formula I, II, III , or IV, as defined above, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Specific modalities for providing a biodegradable intraocular implant that comprises or consists of a biodegradable polymer material and Compound 1 or Compound 2, or a mixture thereof, associated with the biodegradable polymer material.
[20] Another embodiment is a biodegradable intraocular implant comprising a biodegradable polymeric material and Compound 1 as the pharmaceutically active agent, wherein the intraocular implant comprises any pharmaceutically active agent or IOP reducing agent or agent in addition to Compound 1.
[21] Compounds with one of Formulas I-IV can be prepared by methods known in the art. For example, see US Patents 6,602,900, 6,124,344, 5,741,810, and 5,834,498.
[22] The compound having the formula I, II, III, or IV can be associated with the biodegradable polymeric material. Thus, the compound can be mixed with, dissolved and / or dispersed inside, encapsulated by, or coupled to the biodegradable polymer material. The compound having the formula I, II, III or IV can be uniformly or non-uniformly dispersed inside or distributed throughout the biodegradable polymer material. Release of the compound from an implant after placement in an eye can occur by diffusion of the compound, erosion or degradation of the polymer material, dissolution, osmosis, or any combination thereof.
[23] The biodegradable intraocular implant, described here, can be specifically sized and formulated for placement in an ocular region of an eye, such as, for example, the vitreous body or anterior chamber of the eye, to treat glaucoma and reduce intraocular pressure, including, for example, high intraocular pressure (or ocular hypertension) in the eye.
[24] Specific modalities provide a biodegradable intraocular implant that will release a compound having any of formulas I-IV (such as, for example, compound 1) continuously in vitroe / or in vivo in an eye for 1-3 months, 3 months or more, for 3-6 months, or for 6 months or more after placement in a patient's eye.
[25] An intraocular implant according to the present invention can release 5 to 200 nanograms (ng) of the compound per day, 10 to 200 nanograms of the compound per day, 5 to 100 nanograms of the compound per day, 10 to 100 nanograms of the compound per day, 10 to 50 nanograms of the compound per day, at least 10 ng, but no more than 50 ng of the compound per day, from 10 to about 35 ng of the compound per day, or 20 to 35 nanograms of the compound per day for 1 month or more, 2 months or more, 1-3 months, for 3-6 months, or for 6 months or more.
[26] The implants of the present invention are designed to release a compound of formula IV, such as, for example, compound 1, in a controlled manner. In some ways, the implant will provide a linear or almost constant rate of release of the compound for 1 month or more, for example, for 1, 3 or 6 months.
[27] Daily dosages of Compound 1 in the range of 5-200, 10-100, nanograms or even 5-50 nanograms, when delivered or released directly to the anterior chamber, can be a therapeutically effective amount to reduce intraocular pressure in a eye. The term "therapeutically effective amount" or "effective amount" refers to the level or amount of active agent (for example, Compound 1 or Compound 2) needed to reduce intraocular pressure without causing significant negative or adverse side effects to the eye or a region of the eye to which the agent is administered.
[28] The implants of the present invention can reduce intraocular pressure in a patient's eye for 1 month (30 days) or more, from 1 to 3 months, 3 months, 3-6 months, or even 6 months or more after placement of the implant in the eye. The patient is typically a human or non-human mammal who suffers or is diagnosed with elevated intraocular pressure or ocular hypertension in one or both eyes. The patient can still be defined as one who is suffering from glaucoma, since glaucoma often includes elevated intraocular pressure. Therefore, the implants described in this document can generally be used to reduce elevated intraocular pressure in one eye and to treat glaucoma in a patient. In this regard, one embodiment is a method of reducing ocular hypertension or high intraocular pressure in a patient who needs it, the method comprises placing a biodegradable intraocular implant according to the present invention in a patient's eye.
[29] In particular forms of the treatment method, one or more intraocular implants comprising a compound having any of the formulas I-IV can be placed, or more specifically injected, into the anterior chamber of an eye to thereby reduce pressure intraocular and ocular hypertension in the eye. Therefore, the intraocular implant can, for example, be sized and formulated for placement in the anterior chamber of the eye. Such implants can be referred to as "intra-American" implants.
[30] The implants of the present invention are designed to provide long-lasting relief from elevated intraocular pressure (or ocular hypertension), providing a sustained, sustained release of a therapeutically effective amount of Compound 1 (or more generally a compound of Formula I, II, III, or IV), or any pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, directly in the affected region of the eye, such as the anterior chamber of the eye. In this context, a therapeutically effective amount of compound 1 can be a dosage of between 5 to 200 ng / day, 10 to 200 ng per day, from 5 to 50 ng / day, or, more specifically, 10-40 ng / day, or even more specifically about 15 ng / day, 20 ng / day, or 30 ng / day. The patient may be a human or non-human mammal in need of treatment for ocular hypertension (high intraocular pressure) or glaucoma. The implant can be in the form of an extruded or compressed filament. Other forms may include cookies, foils or sheets. The extruded filament may be a cylindrical or non-cylindrical rod that has a diameter and is cut to a length suitable for placement in the eye, such as the anterior chamber or the vitreous body of the eye.
[31] One embodiment is an extruded, intracameral biodegradable implant comprising about 8% by weight of compound 1 and from 0.001% to 10% by weight of hexadecanyl-ol (hexadecanol), in which the implant has a total mass of 30 at 100 pg and which releases between 10 and 50 ng of Compound 1 per day for 3 to 5 months in vitro in phosphate buffered saline at 37 ° C. In some forms of this implant, the material comprises a biodegradable poly (D, L-lactide) polymer having a final acid group and an inherent viscosity of 0.16-024 dl / g, and a poly (D, L-lactide) with an end ester group and an inherent viscosity of 0.25-0.35 dl / g, and a poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) copolymer having an ester end group, a D, L-lactide molar ratio for glycolide of about 75: 25 (for example, from 73: 27 to 77:23), and an inherent viscosity of 0.16-0.24 dl / g, where the inherent viscosity of each polymer and the copolymer is measured to a 0.1% solution of the polymer or copolymer in chloroform at 25 ° C.
[32] Patients who can be effectively treated with a biodegradable intracameral implant comprising a compound that has I, II, III, or IV, (for example, Compound 1) may include those who have, suffer from, or are diagnosed with glaucoma, open-angle glaucoma, closed-angle glaucoma, chronic closed-angle glaucoma, patent iridotomy, ocular hypertension, elevated intraocular pressure, pseudo glaucoma, or pigmentary glaucoma. An implant, according to the present disclosure, can be effective to reduce intraocular pressure in an eye that has low, normal or high intraocular pressure. Thus, an implant according to the present disclosure can be effective for the treatment of glaucoma, in all its forms, including glaucoma characterized by high intraocular pressure, as well as low tension or normal tension glaucoma, since these patients they can also potentially benefit from an additional reduction in intraocular pressure. Because of their ability to deliver therapeutically effective amounts of a potent intraocular pressure reducing agent, such as Compound 1, for extended periods, the implants of the present invention should be able to reduce intraocular pressure in these patients for long periods without need for frequent intraocular injections or regular instillation of eye drops to the ocular surface that are necessary with topical therapy. In addition, the greater potency of Compound 1 to reduce IOP compared to some other prostamides and anti-glaucoma agents makes it possible to produce implants with shorter periods of administration that are better and safer for the eye and therefore patient.
[33] Thus, one embodiment of the present invention is a method for reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in an eye, the method comprises placing a biodegradable intraocular implant in the eye, the implant comprising or consisting of a biodegradable polymeric material and a Compound having any of Formulas I-IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, associated with the polymer material, wherein the implant reduces intraocular pressure in the eye for 1, 3, or 6 months or more after placement in the eye. In some cases, the implant can reduce intraocular pressure in the eye by at least 30% compared to intraocular pressure in the eye without the implant or before receiving the implant (baseline IOP) for 1, 3, or 6 months or more. The implant can be placed in an ocular region of the eye and can therefore be sized to place an ocular region of the eye. The patient may have normal or low intraocular pressure, or he may be suffering from high intraocular pressure, sometimes referred to as ocular hypertension, or the patient may have glaucoma. In a more specific form, the patient suffers from, or is diagnosed with, glaucoma or high intraocular pressure and the implant is placed in the anterior chamber or in the vitreous body of the affected eyes. In a specific embodiment, the implant is placed at the angle of the anterior chamber (or iridocorneal angle), and even more specifically at the lower iridocorneal angle, of the affected eyes. In any of these methods, the compound in the implant (i.e., the therapeutic agent) can comprise or consist of Compound 1 or Compound 2, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of Compound 1 or 2, or any mixture thereof, and the implant can be placed in the anterior chamber or in the vitreous body of the eye through intravitreal or intracameral injection. In specific modalities the implant is placed at the angle of the anterior chamber (or iridocorneal angle) of the eye. The implant can also be placed in the subconjunctival region of the eye.
[34] Accordingly, the invention provides a method for treating glaucoma in a patient, comprising the step of placing a biodegradable intraocular implant, as described herein in a patient's eye. The implant can be placed in the anterior chamber of the eye or another ocular region of the eye, to thereby treat glaucoma.
[35] Some embodiments include a method of administering a compound of Formula III or IV, such as Compound 1 or Compound 2, without eye drops, the method comprising inserting an implant described here into an eye of a patient. patient in need of it. The implant is preferably placed in the anterior chamber of the eye.
[36] One embodiment provides a method of reducing intraocular pressure in a patient in need thereof which comprises administering a pharmaceutical composition to the patient's eyes, the composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound having the formula I, II, III, or IV. Some embodiments provide a method of reducing intraocular pressure in a patient in need thereof which comprises administering to the patient's eyes a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of compounds 1 or 2. The pharmaceutical composition for reducing intraocular pressure will generally be biocompatible with the eye and will contain a therapeutically effective amount of the compound and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. Biocompatible implants and polymers produce little or no toxic effect, are not harmful or physiologically reactive, and do not cause an immune reaction. In a specific embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a liquid, such as an aqueous solution, oil, or an emulsion. In one embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is administered topically to the patient's eyes. For example, the pharmaceutical composition can be administered by eye drops. In another embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is administered to the anterior chamber of the eye, without using eye drops.
[37] Pharmaceutical compositions can be prepared by combining a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound according to the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as an active agent, with conventional pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, and by preparing forms dosage unit suitable for topical ocular use. The therapeutically effective amount can be between 0.0001 and 5% or 10% (w / v), in liquid formulations. For ophthalmic application, saline solution can be a possible vehicle. The pH of such compositions should preferably be maintained between 6.5 and 7.2 with an appropriate buffering agent or system, a substantially neutral pH being preferred. The formulations can also contain one or more conventional, pharmaceutically acceptable preservatives, stabilizers, antioxidants, chelating agents, tonicity agents (for example, alkali or alkaline earth metal salts), and surfactants. Certain compositions can include a buffer component and a tonicity component.
[38] Other modalities provide an effective method of manufacturing biodegradable intraocular implants to reduce intraocular pressure in a patient, the implant comprising or consisting of a therapeutic agent, a biodegradable polymer material, and, optionally, one or more excipients, the method comprising in order a) mixing the therapeutic agent with a biodegradable polymer or two or more biodegradable polymers and one or more excipients, if applicable, to form a mixture, b) extruding the mixture to form a filament, and c) cutting the filament in lengths suitable for placement in the eye of a patient suffering from elevated intraocular, thus forming intraocular implants. In particular embodiments, the filament is cut to lengths suitable for placement in the anterior chamber of an eye. The therapeutic agent can comprise a compound having any of formulas I-IV or can comprise compounds 1 or 2, as defined herein. In some cases, the therapeutic agents used for mixing with the polymers (step a) may be in the form of a solid. The mixture can be extruded at a temperature of from 60 ° C to 150 ° C.
[39] However, other modalities provide an apparatus for the implantation or injection of a biodegradable intraocular implant, according to any of the modalities described here, in an ocular region of an eye of a patient suffering from glaucoma or ocular hypertension ( (ie, high intraocular pressure), the apparatus comprising an elongated housing that has a longitudinal axis and a cannula that extends longitudinally from the housing, the cannula having a lumen that extends through it, the lumen configured to receive a intraocular implant, the apparatus further comprising an intraocular implant according to any of the modalities described herein. The implant can be placed inside the lumen of the cannula or from a position proximal to the lumen of the cannula. In specific shapes of the device the dimensions of the cannula are identical or not larger than that of a 21, 22, 25, 27, 28, or 30 needle gauge and the cannula will have a beveled or sharp tip to facilitate the penetration of ocular tissue . In some forms, the cannula's outer and inner diameters are no larger than those of a 27 or 25 gauge needle.
[40] Also within the scope of this invention are methods for delivering the intraocular implant to the eye of a patient suffering from glaucoma or elevated intraocular pressure using an apparatus as described above, the apparatus comprises a cannula with a proximal end, a accentuated distal end, and a lumen that crosses it that extends, of an intraocular implant selected from any of the ones described here, and a trigger, whose movement causes the implant to be ejected from the device, the lumen of the cannula sized to receive the intraocular implant and allow the implant to translate through it, the method comprising the steps of inserting the cannula into an ocular region of a patient's eye, and depressing or activating the trigger, thereby ejecting the cannula implant to the patient's eye. In some embodiments, the ocular region of the eye into which the implant is injected can be the anterior chamber or the vitreous body of the eye. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[41] Fig. 1 shows a cross section of the mammal's eye.
[42] Fig. 2. shows the cumulative in vitro release of the total percentage of Compound 1 in phosphate buffered saline (0.01 M; pH 7.4) at 37 ° C over time for four (4) separate implants (Implants 1-4) prepared with a twin screw extruder. The composition of each implant is described in Table 2.
[43] Fig. 3 shows the cumulative in vitro release of the total percentage of Compound 1 in phosphate buffered saline (0.01 M; pH 7.4) at 37 ° C over time for implants 5 and 6, prepared with a piston extruder. The composition of each implant is shown in Table 2.
[44] Fig. 4 shows the cumulative in vitro release of the total percentage of Compound 1 in phosphate buffered saline (0.01 M; pH 7.4) at 37 ° C over time for implants 7 and 8, prepared with a piston extruder. The composition of each implant is shown in Table 2.
[45] Fig. 5 shows the sustained, reduced effect of intraocular pressure (IOP) of Compound 1 in dogs when administered to the eye as an extruded intracameral biodegradable implant (from implant 1, described in Table 2). A single implant was placed in the anterior chamber of an eye for each of the dogs in the test group. The contralateral eye was left untreated. The test group consisted of 8 dogs (n = 8). The percentage of mean change in intraocular pressure from the baseline of IOP in treated and untreated eyes for each group was measured at various time points and then plotted as a line graph to show the change in intraocular pressure over time.
[46] Fig. 6 shows the effect of decreasing IOP of Implant 2 in dogs (n = 8), after placing an implant in the anterior chamber of the eye. The in vivo study was carried out as described for Fig. 5 and Example 2.
[47] Fig. 7 shows the effect of decreasing IOP of implant 3 in dogs (n = 8), after placing an implant in the anterior chamber of the eye. The in vivo study was carried out as described for Fig. 5 and Example 2.
[48] Fig. 8 shows the effect of decreasing the implant IOP in 4 dogs (n = 8), after placing an implant in the anterior chamber of the eye. The in vivo study was carried out as described for Fig. 5 and Example 2.
[49] Fig. 9 shows the cumulative in vitro release of total percentage of Compound 1 in phosphate buffered saline (0.01 M; pH 7.4) at 37 ° C over time for Implant 9 prepared with a piston extruder. The implant composition 9 is shown in Table 2.
[50] Fig. 10 shows the cumulative in vitro release of total percentage of Compound 1 in phosphate buffered saline (0.01 M; pH 7.4) at 37 ° C over time from implant with numbers 3, 10 and 11, prepared with a twin screw extruder. The implant compositions of 3, 10 and 11 are shown in Table 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Definitions
[51] "Ci-Cg alkyl" means an alkyl having 1 to 6 carboN atoms.
[52] The symbol "H", as used in the formulas here, represents a hydrogen atom.
[53] The symbol "O", as used in the formulas here, represents an oxygen atom.
[54] The symbol "N", as used in formulas here, represents a nitrogen atom.
[55] The "S" symbol, as used in the formulas here, represents a sulfur atom.
[56] The symbol "C", as used in the formulas here, represents an atom of carboN.0
[57] The symbol "Cl", as used in the formulas here, represents a chlorine atom.
[58] The symbol "Br", as used in the formulas here, represents a bromine atom.
[59] "Cumulative release profile" refers to the total cumulative percentage of an active agent (such as, for example, Compound 1) released from an implant into an eye region in vivo over time or to an specific release medium (eg, PBS) in vitro over time.
[60] A "prodrug" means a compound (e.g., a drug precursor) that is transformed in vivo to provide an active form of the compound. Transformation can occur by several mechanisms (for example, by metabolic or chemical processes), such as, for example, through hydrolysis.
[61] The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refers to salts or complexes that retain the desired biological activity of the compound or therapeutic agent and exhibit minimal or no undesired toxicological effects for the mammalian system or cell for which they are administered.
[62] An "intraocular implant" refers to a device or element that is configured to be placed in the eye. Examples include extruded filaments, which comprise a biodegradable polymer material and a pharmaceutically active agent, such as a compound having formula I, II, III, or IV associated with the polymeric material, and cut to a suitable length for placement in the eye. Intraocular implants are generally biocompatible with the physiological conditions of an eye and do not cause adverse reactions in the eye. In certain forms of the present invention, an intraocular implant can be sized and formulated for placement in the anterior chamber or in the vitreous body of the eye. Intraocular implants can be placed in an eye, without significantly interrupting the eye's vision. Intraocular implants comprising one or more biodegradable polymers and a compound having formula I, II, III, or IV, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are examples of an intraocular implant (drug delivery system) within the scope of present invention.
[63] An "intracameral" implant is an intraocular implant that is sized and formulated for placement in the anterior chamber of the eye. Non-limiting examples include implants 1-4 and 9-11 described in Table 2.
[64] An "intravitreal" implant is an intraocular implant that is sized and formulated for placement in the vitreous body of the eye.
[65] "Suitable for or configured for, sized for, or structured for insertion, implantation or placement in (or in) an ocular or local region" with respect to an implant, means an implant that has a size (for dimensions and weight) such that it can be inserted, implanted or placed in an eye region, such as the anterior chamber or in the vitreous body of the eye without causing excessive tissue damage or significantly impairing the existing vision of the patient in which the implant is implanted or inserted.
[66] "Treat" and "treatment" as used herein includes any beneficial effect on a patient's eye produced by the present methods. The treatment of an eye condition, such as ocular hypertension or elevated intraocular pressure or glaucoma, can reduce or resolve the eye condition or can reduce or slow the progression of one or more signs, symptoms or risk factors of or associated with the eye condition . The signs or symptoms positively affected by the treatment will depend on the particular condition. Examples of beneficial (and therefore positive) effects produced by methods of the present invention can include a reduction in intraocular pressure, eye pain (i.e., eye pain), eye edema and / or eye inflammation. Treatment by any of the methods described herein, using one or more of the intraocular implants described herein, may, in some cases, also improve the well-being, comfort, and / or the overall visual performance of the eye.
[67] "Active agent", "drug", "therapeutic agent", "therapeutically active agent" and "pharmaceutically active agent" refer to the chemical compound, or drug substance, which produces a desired therapeutic effect in the eye of the patient (human or non-human mammal) to whom it is administered and who treats the eye condition (medical condition of the eye), such as high intraocular pressure (ocular hypertension) or glaucoma, which affects the patient. A non-limiting example of a therapeutically (or pharmaceutically) active agent or therapeutic agent in the context of the present invention is Compound 1.
[68] A "patient" can be a human or non-human mammal that needs treatment.
[69] The "eye" is the sense organ for vision, and includes the eyeball, or globe, the orbital sense organ that receives light and transmits visual information to the central nervous system. In general, the eye includes the eyeball and the eyeballs, tissues and fluids that make up the eyeball, the periocular muscles (such as the rectus and oblique muscles) and the part of the optic nerve, which is inside or adjacent to the eyeball.
[70] The term "therapeutically effective amount" or "effective amount" refers to the level or amount of active agent needed to treat an eye condition without causing significant negative or adverse side effects to the eye or an area of the eye to which the agent is administered.
[71] The term "biodegradable polymer" refers to a polymer or polymers that degrade in vivo, and in which degradation of the polymer or polymers occurs over time with concomitant or subsequent release of the therapeutic agent. A biodegradable polymer can be a homopolymer, a copolymer, or a polymer that comprises more than two different structural repeating units.
[72] The term "eye region" or "eye location" generally refers to any area of the eyeball, including the anterior and posterior segment of the eye, and which generally includes, but is not limited to, any functional tissue (for example, for vision) or structural found in the eyeball, or tissues or cell layers that partially or completely line the inside or outside of the eyeball. Specific examples of an eye region in an eye include the anterior chamber, the posterior chamber, the vitreous cavity (vitreous or vitreous body), the choroid, the supracoroidal space, conjunctiva, the subconjunctival space, the sub-Tenon space, the episcleral space, intracorneal space, epicorneal space, sclera, pars plana, surgically induced avascular regions, macula and retina.
[73] As used herein, an "eye condition" is a disease, condition or disease that affects or involves the eye or one of the parts or regions of the eye. In general, the eye includes the eyeball and the tissues and fluids that make up the eyeball, the periocular muscles (such as the rectus and oblique muscles) and the part of the optic nerve, which is inside or adjacent to the eyeball.
[74] An anterior eye condition is a disease, condition, or condition that affects or involves an anterior view (i.e., front of the eye) of the eye region or location, such as a periocular muscle, an eyelid, or eyeball tissue. or fluids that are located anteriorly to the posterior wall of the lens capsule or ciliary muscles. Thus, an anterior eye condition mainly affects or involves the conjunctiva, cornea, in the anterior chamber, the iris, the posterior chamber (behind the retina but in front of the posterior wall of the lens capsule), the lens or the lens capsule and the blood vessels and nerves that vascularize or innervate an anterior ocular region or location. Glaucoma can be considered an anterior eye condition because a clinical goal of treating glaucoma can be to reduce hypertension, an aqueous fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye (i.e., to reduce intraocular pressure).
[75] A posterior eye condition is a disease, state or condition that primarily affects or involves a posterior or local eye region, such as a choroid or sclera (in a later position of a plane through the posterior wall of the lens capsule), vitreous, vitreous chamber, retina, optic nerve (ie, the optic disc), and the blood vessels and nerves that innervate vascularize either a posterior or local ocular region. Glaucoma can also be considered a posterior eye condition because the therapeutic objective is to prevent the loss of, or reduce the occurrence of, loss of vision due to damage or loss of retinal cells or optic nerve cells (i.e., neuroprotection) . Pharmaceutical compositions for topical application to an eye
[76] For topical application (for example in the form of eye drops), pharmaceutical compositions can be prepared by combining a therapeutically effective amount of at least one compound according to the present invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, as an active agent, with one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients, and by preparing unitary dosage forms suitable for topical ocular use. A therapeutically effective amount can be between 0.0001 and 10% (w / v), or from 0.001 to 5.0% (w / v), in liquid formulations.
[77] Preferably, solutions are prepared using a physiological saline solution as the main vehicle. The pH of such ophthalmic solutions should preferably be maintained between 6.5 and 7.2, with an appropriate buffer system, a substantially neutral pH value being preferred. The compositions can also contain conventional, pharmaceutically acceptable preservatives, buffers, tonicity agents, antioxidants, stabilizers, and surfactants.
[78] Preferred preservatives that can be used in the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention include, but are not limited to, benzalkonium chloride, chlorobutanol, thimerosal, phenylmercuric acetate and phenylmercuric nitrate. A preferred surfactant is, for example, Tween 80. Likewise, several preferred vehicles can be used in the ophthalmic preparations of the present invention. These vehicles include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol, povidone, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, poloxamers, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose and purified water.
[79] Tonicity agents can be added as needed or convenient. They include, but are not limited to, salts, particularly sodium chloride, potassium chloride, mannitol and glycerin, or any other suitable ophthalmically acceptable tonicity regulator.
[80] Various buffers and means for adjusting the pH may be used, provided the resulting preparation is ophthalmically acceptable. Thus, buffers include acetate buffers, citrate buffers, phosphate buffers and borate buffers. Acids or bases can be used to adjust the pH of these formulations, if necessary.
[81] Acceptable antioxidants may include sodium metabisulfite, sodium thiosulfate, acetylcysteine, butylated hydroxyanisole and butylated hydroxytoluene.
[82] Other excipients may include one or more chelating agents.
[83] Pharmaceutical compositions for topical use can be conveniently packaged in forms suitable for a dosed application, such as in containers equipped with a dropper, to facilitate application to the eye. Biodegradable Intraocular Implant Size and Configuration
[84] Biodegradable implants, which are sized and formulated for placement in a patient's eye (intraocular implants) and which comprise a compound having any of formulas I-IV, dispersed in a biodegradable polymer material (or matrix) can be useful to reduce intraocular pressure and treat glaucoma. It has been found here that Compound 1 is particularly effective in reducing intraocular pressure in an eye when administered directly into the anterior chamber of the eye. Biodegradable implants are a safe, non-toxic, and effective way to deliver this compound to the anterior chamber.
[85] According to this preferred administration site, the implants of the present invention are sized and formulated to be received in the anterior chamber of the eye (e.g., a human eye), and preferably within the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye, with little or no adverse effects on the eye, particularly the corneal endothelium, and without significantly obstructing or impairing the patient's vision. Patients who received the implant will receive a therapeutically effective amount of the compound (which in some embodiments is Compound 1) and will preferably experience little or no hyperemia or inflammation in the eye after placing the implant in the eye. In this regard, then, the invention discloses intraocular implants, which are sized and formulated for placement in the anterior chamber of the eye, which are biocompatible with the eye, causing little or no immune reaction or inflammation of the eye, and which can be effective for reduce intraocular pressure in an eye for at least a month, such as, for example, for 1 to 6 months or more. The exceptional potency of Compound 1 for reducing IOP, for example, makes it possible to reduce the size of the intraocular implant needed to deliver a therapeutically effective dose of the IOP reducing agent to target tissues and local sites in the eye, such as the anterior chamber, possibly minimizing irritation or potential damage to the tissues of the eye and, more generally providing greater safety and greater general benefit and comfort for the patient. In addition, the use of smaller implants can reduce the time required to completely degrade the implant in the eye after the drug is released.
[86] An implant may be of a suitable size for insertion, implantation or placement in the ocular region, or a location, such as the anterior chamber, posterior chamber, body or vitreous of the eye. The size of an implant can affect the release rate, the treatment period, and the concentration of the compound that has one of the general formulas I-IV in treated tissue. Equally with active agent loads, larger implants can deliver a proportionately larger dose.
[87] An implant sized for placement in the anterior chamber (an intracameral implant) will generally have a diameter (or other dimension, as appropriate, for non-cylindrical filaments) of 100 to 400 pm and a length of 0.5 to 6 mm. Implants can generally be formed by a single or double extrusion process, can be cylindrical or non-cylindrical, and can have a total weight in the range of 10 pg to 500 pg. The weight may depend, in part, on the desired dosage. In some embodiments, implants suitable for placement in the anterior chamber of an eye and suitable for use according to the invention will have a diameter between 100 pm and 300 pm, a length between 0.5 mm and 2 mm, and a total weight between 10 pg and 200 pg or between 10 pg and 100 pg. In some cases, the IOP reduction intracameral implant has a total weight of about 10 pg to 100 pg, or more specifically from 30-100 pg. One embodiment is an extruded biodegradable intraocular implant that is suitable for placement in the anterior chamber of an eye and is about 200 pm in diameter and about 1.5 mm in length.
[88] The eyes in some patients who suffer from glaucoma or ocular hypertension more generally can be more receptive to placing the biodegradable implant in the vitreous body of the eye. The vitreous body can accept larger implants of the same general formulation. For example, an intravitreal implant can have a length of 1 mm to 10 mm, a diameter of 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm, and a total weight of 50 pg to 5000 pg. The implant can be scaled up or down, depending on the location of administration in the eye and the size or volume of the patient's vitreous. Although in most cases, a single implant can be found to reduce intraocular pressure in the eye for an extended period (for example, at least 3 months), in some cases, the practitioner may find it useful to place two or more of the implants presently described in an ocular region of the eye to improve the therapeutic effect.
[89] Regarding the configuration, intraocular implants can be in the form of extruded bars or in the form of non-cylindrical filaments, with the dimensions described above. Wafers, films or sheets, and in some cases, compressed tablets may also find use in accordance with the present invention.
[90] Biodegradable polymer material
[91] In general, an implant according to the present invention will comprise or consist of a biodegradable polymer material and a compound having any of Formulas I-IV, associated with the biodegradable polymer material. The polymeric material can comprise or consist of one, two, three, or more biodegradable polymers, and optionally one or more excipients to further improve the stability and / or release characteristics of the implant.
[92] Examples of useful biodegradable polymers include polylactide polymers and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) copolymers. In some embodiments, the biodegradable polymer material may comprise a polylactide, a poly (lactide-glycolide), a mixture of two or more polylactide polymers (for example, first and second polylactide polymers), a mixture of two or more plus poly (lactide-co-glycolide) copolymers, or a mixture of polylactide and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) polymers in particular forms of any of these implants, the polylactide polymer can be a poly (D, L- lactide) and the poly (lactide-co-glycolide) copolymer can be a poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide). In any of the aforementioned combinations, the two or more polymers can be different from each other, based on their terminal group, repeating unit, inherent viscosity, or any combination thereof. Polylactide and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) polymers used in the present implants can have either a carboxyl group (-COOH) or an ester terminal group. In addition, two or more poly (lactide-co-glycolide) polymers can be different from each other for the lactide: glycolide ratio in each polymer, which can vary from about 85: 15 to about 50:50 to about 50 75:25, depending on the polymer.
[93] Poly (D, L-lactide) or PLA can be identified by CAS No. 26680-10-4 and can be represented as:

[94] Poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) or PLGA can be identified by CAS No. 26780-50-7 and can be represented as:
where x is the number of repeat units of D, L-lactide and y is the number of repeat units of glycolide, and n is the number of repeat units of D, L-lactide-co-glycolide. Thus, poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (or PALG) comprises one or more blocks of D, repeat units of L-lactide and one or more blocks of repeat units of glycolide, where size and number of respective blocks may vary.
[95] The molar percentage of each repeating monomer unit or in a PLGA copolymer can be 0-100%, about 15-85%, about 25-75%, or about 35-65%. In some embodiments, the D, L-lactide can be from about 50% to about 75%, about 48% to about 52%, or about 50%; about 73% to about 77%, or about 75% of the PLGA polymer on a molar basis. The balance of the polymer can be essentially repeating units of glycolide. For example, glycolide can be about 25% to about 50%, about 23% to about 27%, or about 25%; about 48% to about 52%, or about 50% of the PLGA polymer on a molar basis. Other groups, such as capping or terminal groups (terminal group) may be present in small quantities. As described above, in some embodiments, PLGA copolymers are used in conjunction with PLA polymers. In some implants, a PLGA 75/25 polymer having an ester terminal group is used.
[96] The hydrophilic or hydrophobic character of the end groups can be useful in the degradation of varying polymeric material. Polymers with a hydrophilic end group can degrade more quickly than polymers with a final hydrophobic group because a hydrophilic group can absorb water. Examples of suitable hydrophilic end groups include, but are not limited to, carboxyl (acid end group), hydroxyl, and polyethylene glycol. These groups can be introduced using a suitable primer. Terminal groups can also be introduced after polymerization is complete to convert the terminal hydroxyl groups to other final groups. For example, ethylene oxide can convert polyethylene glycol hydroxyl. Hydrophobic-terminated polymers (also referred to as end capped) have a hydrophobic ester bond in nature at the polymer end.
[97] Other polymers of interest include or can be selected from hydroxyaliphatic carboxylic acids, homopolymers or copolymers, hyaluronic acid, sodium hyaluronate, polycaprolactones, polysaccharides, polyethers, calcium alginate, celluloses, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyesters and their polyesters combinations.
[98] Useful polysaccharides may include, but are not limited to, calcium alginate, and functionalized celluloses, such as carboxymethyl cellulose esters characterized by being insoluble in water, and having a molecular weight of about 5 kD to 500 kD, for example.
[99] The release of a drug from a biodegradable polymer material is the consequence of several mechanisms or combinations of mechanisms. Some of these mechanisms include desorption from the implant surface, dissolution, diffusion through porous channels of hydrated polymer and erosion of the polymers that make up the matrix. Erosion can be bulk or surface or a combination of both. The polymer matrix can release the therapeutic agent, at a rate effective to sustain the release of a quantity of the agent (for example, Compound 1) for more than one month, for 1-3 months, for 3-6 months, or for 6 months after implantation in an eye. For example, an implant can comprise Compound 1, and the polymer material (or matrix) of the implant can degrade at a rate effective to sustain the release of a therapeutically effective amount of Compound 1 for one, two, three or six months in it has been in vitro after being placed in an eye, or, more specifically, after being placed in the anterior chamber of the eye.
[100] The one or more biodegradable polymers used to form the matrix (polymeric material of the implant) are desirably subject to hydrolytic or enzymatic instability. Additional preferred characteristics of the polymers include biocompatibility, compatibility with the therapeutic component, ease of use of the polymer in preparing the implant of the present invention, a half-life in the physiological environment of at least about 6 hours, preferably greater than about one day, and water insolubility.
[101] A biodegradable polymer material preferentially degrades in vivo in a way that provides for the release of a therapeutically effective amount of the therapeutic agent over a period that is significantly longer than the agent's in vivo life when administered in a formulation of eye drops. As discussed earlier, a polymer material can be a single polymer or copolymer, or, in some cases, a combination or mixture of biodegradable polymers and / or copolymers.
[102] In addition to the biodegradable polymers and compound of formula I, II, III, or IV, an intraocular implant according to the present invention may comprise one or more excipients to improve the stability (for example, shelf life) of the therapeutic agent in the final implant, the ease of manufacture and handling of the implant, and / or the implant release characteristics. Compound 1, for example, is susceptible to oxidative degradation under various conditions of production, formulation and storage. The main breakdown product appears to be the C-15 ketone.
[103] Examples of excipients for any of these purposes may include preservatives, antioxidants, buffering agents, chelating agents, electrolytes or other excipients. In general, the excipient, when present, can constitute 0.001 to 10% or up to 15% by weight of the implant, and can be selected from any of the named below.
[104] Useful water-soluble preservative agents may include sodium bisulfite, sodium bisulfate, sodium thiosulfate, benzalkonium chloride, chlorobutanol, thimerosal, phenylmercuric acetate, phenylmercuric nitrate, methylparaben, benzyl alcohol, polyvinyl alcohol and phenylethyl alcohol.
[105] Suitable water-soluble buffering agents are alkaline or alkaline earth carbonates, phosphates, bicarbonates, citrates, borates, acetates, succinates, and the like, such as sodium phosphate, citrate, borate, acetate, bicarbonate, and carbonate. These agents can be present in sufficient quantities to maintain a hydrated implant pH of between 2 and 9 and preferably from 4 to 8. As such, the buffering agent can be as much as 5% by weight of a weight basis of the total composition. .
[106] Suitable electrolytes can include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and the like, including MgCl2. Zinc salts may also be of interest.
[107] Examples of antioxidants include ascorbic acid, ascorbic acid, L-ascorbic acid, melatonin, butylated hydroxyanisole, thiols, polyphenols, tocopherols such as alpha-tocopherol, mannitol, reduced glutathione, various carotenoids, cysteine, uric acid, taurine , tyrosine, superoxide dismutase, lutein, zeaxanthin, cryptoxanthin, astaxanthin, lycopene, N-acetyl-cysteine, carnosine, gamma-glutamylcysteine, quercetin, lactoferrin, dihydrolipoic acid, citrate, Ginkgo Biloba extract, tea catechins, miraculous extract vitamin E or a vitamin E ester, retinol palmitate, and its derivatives.
[108] Useful chelating agents can be selected from, for example, ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ethylenediamine, porphine and vitamin B-12.
[109] Other excipients may include alcohols, such as, for example, hexadecanol (also referred to as cetyl alcohol and hexadecane-1-ol, and sometimes referred to as C16-OH). In some embodiments, the implant may comprise a straight or branched chain alcohol that is greater than 10 carbon atoms in length.
[110] In one embodiment, an implant may additionally include polyethylene glycol such as for example polyethylene glycol 3350 (PEG 3350). In other embodiments, the implant does not contain PEG 3350.
[111] An implant can include a combination of two or more of the above-mentioned excipients.
[112] Oxygen can be an important element in the degradation pathway of a therapeutic agent, such as compound 1. Additional means to increase the shelf life and preserve the activity of the implant, once manufactured can comprise the step of storing the implant in an oxygen-free or oxygen-poor atmosphere, such as a hermetically sealed package (for example, in an aluminum pouch) comprising an oxygen absorber pad. Additional steps may include filling the bag with nitrogen or argon gas before sealing the bag to remove more oxygen from the bag.
[113] A modality is an intraocular implant according to the present disclosure comprising an antioxidant that retains at least 90% or greater than 95% or at least 98% of its initial potency (or that does not lose more than 5% or not more than 2% of its initial potency) after storage of the extruded implant for one month or for three months at 25 ° C in a sealed package comprising an oxygen absorber. The initial potency can be based on the actual or theoretical amount of the active agent (for example, Compound 1) on a weight by weight (w / w) basis present in the implant immediately after the implant is manufactured. In some embodiments, the implant may still be contained in an eye implant delivery device with a needle tip inside the pouch and the pouch may also contain a desiccant.
[114] The amount of biodegradable polymer material, and therefore the proportion and / or amount of the determined biodegradable polymer used in an implant, may vary depending on the compound used and the desired release characteristics. A constant or near-constant linear velocity over a long period can be useful for steady, long-term reduction (> 1 month, for example, 3-6 months) of intraocular pressure. In general, the biodegradable polymer material of an implant of the present invention can constitute from 1% to 99% of the implant by weight (% w / w). In some embodiments, the biodegradable polymer material represents 80% to 99% of the implant by weight (% w / w). In some embodiments, the biodegradable polymer material represents about 92% to about 99% of the implant, by weight.
[115] In one embodiment, the biodegradable polymer material comprises or consists of first, second and third biodegradable polymers. The first and second polymers can be poly (D, L-lactide) polymers that differ from each other by their terminal group (ester or acid) and / or their inherent viscosity (as determined by a 0.1% solution in chloroform at 25 ° C); and the third polymer can be a poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide). The implant may optionally further comprise hexadecanol.
[116] In one embodiment, the first polymer is a poly (D, L-lactide) having an ester terminal group and an inherent viscosity of 0.25-0.35 dl / g (as measured by a 0.1% w / w solution) / v in chloroform at 25 ° C) (for example, R203S); the second polymer is a poly (D, L-lactide) with an acidic end group (ie, a carboxyl end group) and an inherent viscosity of 0.25-0.35 dl / g (as measured by a 0% solution , 1% in chloroform w / v at 25 ° C) (for example, R203H); and the third polymer is a poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) having an ester terminal group, an inherent viscosity of 0.16-0.24 dl / g (as measured by a 0.1% w / w solution) / v in chloroform at 25 ° C), and a ratio of D, L-lactide: glycolide of about 75:25 (for example, RG752S).
[117] In some embodiments, the first, second and third biodegradable polymers are selected independently from the group consisting of:
[118] R202H, which is a poly (D, L-lactide) with an acidic end group and an inherent viscosity of 0.16-0.24 dl / g, as measured by a 0.1% solution in chloroform at 25 ° C;
[119] R203H, which is a poly (D, L-lactide) with an acidic end group and an inherent viscosity of 0.25-0.35 dl / g, as measured by a 0.1% solution in chloroform at 25 ° C;
[120] R202S, which is a poly (D, L-lactide) having an ester terminal group and an inherent viscosity of 0.16-0.24 dl / g, as measured by a 0.1% solution in chloroform at 25 ° C
[121] R203S, which is a poly (D, L-lactide) having an ester terminal group and an inherent viscosity of 0.25-0.35 dl / g, as measured by a 0.1% solution in chloroform at 25 ° C; and
[122] RG752S, which is a poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) having an ester terminal group and an inherent viscosity of 0.16-0.24 dl / g (as measured by a 0.1 solution % in chloroform at 25 ° C), and a molar ratio of D, L-lactide: glycolide of about 75:25.
[123] In one embodiment, the first polymer is a poly (D, L-lactide) having an ester terminal group and an inherent viscosity of 0.25-0.35 dl / g, the second polymer is a poly (D, L -lactide) having a final acid group and an inherent viscosity of 0.16-0.24 dl / g, and the third polymer is a poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) having an ester terminal group and a viscosity 0.16-0.24 dl / g and a D, L-lactide: glycolide ratio of about 75:25, where the inherent viscosity of each polymer or copolymer is measured for a 0.1% solution of the polymer or copolymer in chloroform at 25 ° C.
[124] In a specific embodiment, the first polymer is R203S, the second polymer is R202H, and the third polymer is RG752S, and the implant further comprises the hexadecane-1-ol excipient. In specific forms, the implant comprises from 0.001% to 10% by weight of hexadecan-1-ol.
[125] In another embodiment, the biodegradable polymer material comprises or consists of, first and second biodegradable polymers, where the first polymer is a poly (D, L-lactide) with an ester terminal group and an inherent viscosity of 0, 25-0.35 dl / g (as measured by a 0.1% w / v solution of chloroform solution at 25 ° C) (for example, R203S) and the second polymer is a poly (D, L-lactide ) with an acidic end group (i.e. carboxyl) and an inherent viscosity of 0.25-0.35 dl / g (as measured by a 0.1% w / v solution of chloroform solution at 25 ° C) (for example, R203H).
[126] In another embodiment, the biodegradable polymer material comprises or consists of a poly (D, L-lactide) with an acidic end group (i.e., a carboxyl end group) and an inherent viscosity of 0.16-0 , 24 dL / g (as measured for a 0.1% w / v solution of chloroform solution at 25 ° C) (for example, R202H).
[127] In another embodiment, the biodegradable polymer material comprises or consists of a poly (D, L-lactide) with an acidic end group (i.e., the carboxyl end group) and an inherent viscosity of 0.25-0 , 35 dl / g (as a measure for a 0.1% w / v solution of chloroform solution at 25 ° C) (for example, R203H).
[128] One embodiment of an extracameral biodegradable extruded implant comprising Compound 1, hexadecane-1-ol (hexadecanol), and a biodegradable polymeric material, wherein the biodegradable polymeric material comprises or consists of first, second and third polymers, in that the first polymer R203S is, the second polymer is R202H, and the third polymer is RG752S. The implant may also comprise an antioxidant. Non-limiting examples include implants 3, 10, and 11, for which the formulations are shown below in Table 2.
[129] One modality is a biodegradable intraocular implant that comprises a biodegradable polymer material, hexadecane-1-ol, and about 8%, by weight, of a compound with the formula
wherein the compound and hexadecane-1-ol are associated with the biodegradable polymer material, and where the biodegradable polymer material comprises i) a poly (D, L-lactide) having an ester terminal group and an inherent viscosity of about 0.25 - 0.35 dl / g, ii) a poly (D, L-lactide) with an acidic end group and an inherent viscosity of about 0.16-0.24 dl / g, and iii) a poly (D, glycolide-co-L-lactide) having an ester terminal group, an inherent viscosity of about 0.16-0.24 dl / g, and a D, L-lactide: glycolide ratio of about 75 : 25, where the inherent viscosity of each poly (D, L-lactide) and poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) group as shown above is measured for a 0.1% solution of polymer in chloroform at 25 ° C. In some modalities it is the implant of an extruded implant. In one embodiment, the implant further comprises an antioxidant, a chelating agent, or both, an antioxidant and a chelating agent. In specific forms the antioxidant is butylated or ascorbic hydroxyanisole acid and the chelating agent is EDTA. The intraocular implant can be sized for placement in the anterior chamber of the eye.
[130] A specific modality is an intraocular implant comprising about 8%, by weight, of a compound with the formula
about 5.6%, by weight, hexadecane-1-ol, about 50.3%, by weight, R203S, which is a poly (D, L-lactide) having an ester terminal group and an inherent viscosity of about 0.25-0.35 dl / g, about 22.4% RG752S by weight, which is a poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) having an ester ester group and an inherent viscosity of about 0 , 16-0.24 dl / g and a ratio of D, L-lactide: glycolide of about 75: 25, about 11.2% by weight, R202H, which is a poly (D, L-lactide) with an acidic end group and an inherent viscosity of about 0.16-0.24 dl / g, about 2.0% by weight, butylated hydroxyanisole, and about 0.5% by weight of EDTA, where the inherent viscosities of the R203S, R202H, and RG752S polymers correspond to those measures for a 0.1% solution of polymer in chloroform at 25 ° C.
[131] Implants according to any of the modalities listed above may preferably comprise at least about 1% but not more than about 8% of Compound 1 by weight. For example, Compound 1 may be present in the implant in an amount between 7 and 9% by weight of the implant. An implant can contain 8.0% by weight Compound 1.
[132] Implants comprising a biodegradable polymer material of the type described above can provide a constant, stable release of Compound 1 over long periods, such as 3 months, 4-5 months, or for 6 months.
[133] PLA and PLGA polymers from the RESOMER® polymer product line are available from Evonik Industries AG, Germany.
[134] Specific modalities include, among others, an extruded intraocular implant sized for placement in the anterior chamber of the eye and comprising any of the formulations indicated for Implants Nos. 1-4, 10, or 11 in Table 2. Therapeutic agents
[135] The present invention includes biodegradable intraocular implants made by an extrusion process that can be effective in reducing intraocular pressure in a patient's eye for at least one month, for 1-3 months, at least 3 months, for 3- 6 months, or for 6 months or more. Generally, the implant comprises or consists of a biodegradable polymeric material and a therapeutic agent associated with the biodegradable polymer material. The therapeutic agent can comprise a compound of Formula I, II, III, or IV. In preferred embodiments, the therapeutic agent comprises Compound 1 and the intraocular implant is suitable for placement in the anterior chamber of the eye. The intraocular implant can release between about 10 to about 50 ng of the therapeutic agent per day for at least one month, in vitro.
[136] Examples of compounds having formula IV, wherein R1 is -NH2 or -OH, include compounds 1 and 2, shown above. Compounds 1 and 2 are, of course, also covered by general formula III. Methods for preparing compounds 1 and 2 are described in U.S. Patent 5,834,498.
[137] In general, the implant's therapeutic agent can make up about 1% to about 90% of the total weight of the implant. In some modalities, the therapeutic agent can represent 1% to 20% of the total weight of the implant. Preferably, the amount of Compound 1 in a weight implant based on weight (w / w) does not exceed 8% of the total weight of the implant. Therefore, in implants comprising Compound 1, Compound 1 preferably comprises 1% to 8% of the implant, by weight, and in particular forms constitutes 8% of the implant, by weight. Restricting the weight percentage of the compound in an implant to these prescribed levels can help to undesirably prevent the rapid or explosive release of the drug by placing the implant in a liquid environment, such as the eye.
[138] An approved USP dissolution method or release test (USP 23; NF 18 (1995) pp 1790-1798.) Can be used to measure the release rate of a therapeutically active agent, such as Compound 1 from of an implant. For example, using the infinite immersion method, a heavy sample of the implant is added to a measured volume of a solution (release medium) containing 0.9% NaCl (aq) or phosphate buffered saline, where the volume of solution it will be such that the therapeutically active agent concentration after release is less than 20%, and preferably less than 5%, of saturation. The mixture is maintained at 37 ° C and stirred or stirred slowly to ensure diffusion of the therapeutically active agent from the implant. The appearance of the therapeutically active agent in the solution or release medium as a function of time can be followed by several methods known in the art, such as spectrophotometry, HPLC, mass spectroscopy, etc.
[139] As described above, an implant according to this invention can comprise a compound having formula I, II, III, or IV, in the form of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt. The term "pharmaceutically acceptable salts" refers to salts or complexes that retain the desired biological activity of the compound and exhibit minimal or no undesired toxicological effects for the patient or cellular system to which they are administered.
[140] The base addition salt form of a compound that occurs in its free form as an acid, can be obtained by treating the acid with an appropriate base such as an inorganic base, for example, sodium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide , potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, ammonia and the like; or an organic base such as, for example, L-arginine, ethanolamine, betaine, benzathine, morpholine and the like. (Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts, P. Heinrich Stahl & Camille G. Wermuth (Eds), Verlag Helvetica Chemica Acta-Zurich, 2002, 329-345). Salts formed with zinc are also of potential interest.
[141] The acid addition salt form of a compound that occurs in its free form as a base can be obtained by treating the free base with an appropriate acid, such as an inorganic acid, for example, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid and the like; or an organic acid such as, for example, acetic acid, hydroxyacetic acid, propanoic acid, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, malonic acid, fumaric acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, acid benzoic, tannic acid, pamoic acid, citric acid, methylsulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, formic acid or the like and (Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts, P. Heinrich Stahl & Camille G. Wermuth (Eds), Verlag Helvetica Chemica Acta-Zurich , 2002, 329-345).
[142] In an implant according to the present invention, a compound with one of the general formulas I-IV, such as Compound 1 or compound 2, can be dispersed or distributed in, and / or covered, and / or surrounded by a biodegradable polymer material. When the implant contacts the physiological fluid, such as ocular fluid (for example, aqueous humor), in vivo, the physiological fluid, may contact the portion of the compound that is on the implant surface, but may not have contact with the portion of the Compound that is dispersed inside the polymer material. Once implanted, the biodegradable polymer can begin to be hydrated. Hydration of an implant can improve the diffusion and release of the compound. In addition, the implant may begin to degrade or wear out over time. Degradation can increase hydration, increase the mobility of polymer chains, and create faster-spreading pores. Thus, the implants can be configured so that the compound is released from the polymer material such as the polymer material is hydrated and / or degraded in vivo. Since decomposition of hydration and / or degradation of the implant can take a substantial amount of time and can be significantly longer than the normal period of compound decay when administered by a normal eye drop formulation an implant can provide sustained release . Sustained release can continue for as long as at least some of the biodegradable polymeric material that contains at least a portion of the compound with one of the general formulas I-IV remains intact.
[143] The rate at which the compound of Formula I, II, III, or IV is released from an implant and the period during which an implant releases the compound can depend on a variety of factors including, among other things, the size of the implant and the shape, the particle size of the compound, the solubility of the compound, the ratio of the compound to the polymer material, the polymers used (including proportions of monomer in the polymer used, the final polymer groups and the molecular weight of the polymer) , the crystallinity of the polymer, the method of manufacture, the surface area exposed, the rate of wear of the polymer material, and the biological environment in which the implants reside after dosing, etc. Manufacturing methods
[144] Various techniques can be employed to prepare the intraocular implants described here. Useful techniques may include extrusion methods (for example, hot melt extrusion) to produce rod-shaped implants (or fibers), compression methods to produce tablets, cachets, or lozenges, and solvent evaporation methods to produce biodegradable sheets, films and dry powders. Emulsion methods for producing a plurality of microspheres can also be used in the preparation of a biodegradable intraocular drug delivery system for the sustained release of a compound having any of formulas I-IV, into an eye in a patient. Accordingly, one embodiment provides a pharmaceutical composition suitable for placing an eye region of an eye and comprising a plurality of biodegradable microspheres encapsulating Compound 1.
[145] An extruded implant can be done by a single or double extrusion method, and can be done with a piston or twin screw extruder, for example. The choice of technique, and the manipulation of the parameters of the technique used to produce implants, can influence the drug's release speeds. Extrusion methods can allow for large-scale production of implants and results in implants with a progressively more homogeneous dispersion of the drug within a continuous polymer matrix as the production temperature is increased. Extrusion methods can use temperatures between about 60 ° C to about 150 ° C, or between about 70 ° C to about 100 ° C, or lower, as needed.
[146] In one embodiment, an intraocular implant according to the present invention is produced by an extrusion process. Polymers and excipients, if any, are generally mixed with the therapeutic agent and then co-extruded at a selected temperature to form a filament comprising a biodegradable polymer matrix (or materials) and the dispersed therapeutic agent inside and / or distributed throughout the matrix (or material). If desired, the filament can be sprayed and extruded again to form a double extruded implant.
[147] In a variant of implants produced by an extrusion process, the therapeutic agent, biodegradable polymer, and, optionally, one or more excipients are first mixed at room temperature (mixed in a container) and then heated to a temperature at range of 60 ° C to 150 ° C, for a period of between 1 and 60 minutes, such as 1 to 30 minutes, 5 minutes to 15 minutes, or 10 minutes. The mixture is then extruded through a nozzle at a temperature of 60 ° C to 130 ° C, or 75 ° C. The extruded filament is then cut to desired lengths for the production of intraocular implants that have a specific weight. The nozzle orifice through which the mixture is extruded will generally have an appropriate diameter for the desired diameter of the implant, but if necessary, the extruded filament can be pulled from the nozzle to further reduce the diameter of the implant. The extruded implant can be generally cylindrical or non-cylindrical, having a length and diameter (or other dimension as appropriate to non-cylindrical fibers) suitable for insertion in an ocular region of the eye, such as the anterior chamber or in the vitreous body.
[148] A possible method for producing an intraocular implant of the present invention uses a combination of solvent evaporation and hot melt extrusion. See, for example, US 2010/0278897. In this method, a dry powder or film is first prepared by dissolving all the materials (active agent, polymers and excipients, if any) in an appropriate solvent, such as ethyl acetate, to form a solution. The solution is then molded in an appropriate container (for example, a TEFLON® dish), and then dried in a vacuum oven overnight to form a dry film. The film is then crushed into particles, which are collected and extruded by hot melt extrusion (using, for example, a piston extruder) to prepare a filament, containing the active agent and one or more biodegradable polymers. The filament can be cut to a length and, consequently, suitable weight for insertion into the eye. The extrusion temperature for this process can vary from 45 ° C to 85 ° C.
[149] An extruded filament or cut from an extruded filament implant can be terminally sterilized with electron beam radiation (eBeam). An effective dose of eBeam radiation can be 20-30 kGy, or more specifically 25 kGy.
[150] Consequently, the present invention encompasses methods for producing and using extruded biodegradable implants (which can generally be referred to as extruded rods or fibers), adapted for placement in a patient's eye to reduce intraocular pressure, including intraocular pressure elevated in the eye. Administration modes and locations
[151] In order to provide the desired therapeutic effect (for example, long-term reduction of intraocular pressure), in a patient, including one suffering from glaucoma, an implant according to the present invention is preferably placed in the chamber anterior of the eye. The anterior chamber refers to the space within the eye between the iris and the innermost surface of the cornea (endothelium). In some patients, however, it may be necessary to place the implant in the vitreous body of the eye. The posterior chamber refers to the space within the eye between the posterior part of the iris and the frontal face of the vitreous. The posterior chamber includes the space between the lens and the ciliary process, which produces aqueous humor, which feeds the cornea, iris, and intraocular lens and maintains pressure. Referring to Figure 1, these and other ocular regions of the eye (100) are shown in cross section. Particular regions of the eye (100) include the cornea (102) and iris (104), which surround the anterior chamber (106). Behind the iris (104) is the rear chamber (108) and the lens (110). Inside the anterior chamber is the angle of the anterior chamber (112) and trabecular network (114). Also shown are the corneal epithelium (118), sclerotic (116), vitreous (119), ciliary zonules (120), and ciliary process (121). The posterior segment of the eye is the posterior two thirds of the eyeball (behind the lens), and includes the vitreous, retina and optic nerve.
[152] In order to reduce intraocular pressure and treat glaucoma in a patient, an implant described here can be implanted into the anterior chamber (or other ocular region) of a mammal's eye as monotherapy to release a therapeutic agent (such as such as Compound 1) into the anterior chamber of the eye, without the need for eye drops. Alternatively, the implant can be used with droppers as an adjunct therapy. In some embodiments, the insertion of an implant described here into the anterior chamber of an eye can reduce intraocular pressure in the eye by at least about 20% or 30% or more, compared to baseline intraocular pressure over 1 month, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, or 6 months or more after placement in a patient's eye. The patient may be a human or non-human mammal that suffers from high intraocular pressure or glaucoma and, therefore, in need of treatment. In some embodiments, the implant may release Compound 1 according to linear or pseudo zero kinetics for at least one month after the implant is placed in the eye.
[153] Biodegradable implants can be inserted into the eye by a variety of methods, including forceps, trocar, or delivery devices equipped with a portable needle (or needle tip) (applicator). Some portable applicators can be used to insert one or more biodegradable implants into the eye. Manual applicators may comprise a 18-30 gauge stainless steel needle (gauge), a lever, a driver and a piston or push rod to facilitate ejection of the implant. An implant can be inserted through a scleral, limbus, or corneal route to access the anterior chamber. Alternatively, an implant can be inserted into the vitreous using an appropriate applicator, with a needle or cannula of adequate length to access the target site and the placement of the implant. Some methods for inserting an implant include accessing the target area within the eye region with a needle, trocar or implantation device. Once inside the target area, for example, in the anterior chamber or in the vitreous body, a lever on a portable device can be pressed to cause a trigger to drive a piston rod or to push forward. As the piston moves forward, you can push the implant or device into the target area (such as in the vitreous or in the anterior chamber). An example of an eye implant delivery device is disclosed in US Patent Application Publication 2004/0054374.
[154] As a result, methods for treating glaucoma and reducing intraocular pressure in a patient's eye, as discussed herein, may comprise administering a biodegradable intraocular implant of the type currently disclosed to the eye by injection into the anterior chamber. (intracameral injection) or vitreous body of the eye (intravitreal injection). A syringe device including an appropriately sized needle (for example, a 22, 25, 27, 28, or 30 gauge needle) can be useful for injecting one or more implants into these regions of the eye. Accordingly, the width or diameter of the implant can be selected to allow the implant to be received inside and translated through the lumen of the selected gauge needle.
[155] Before being used on a subject, an implant can be sterilized with an appropriate dose of beta radiation. Preferably, the sterilization method that does not substantially reduce the therapeutic activity of the therapeutic agent in the implant or preserves at least 50 or 80% or more of the initial activity.
[156] Consequently, the present invention includes, among others, the following modalities (1-16): 1. A biodegradable intraocular implant comprising a biodegradable polymer material and a therapeutic agent associated with the biodegradable polymer material, wherein the therapeutic agent comprises a compound having formula (I)
or one or a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug salt or ester thereof, where the wavy segments represent an α bond or β bond, the dotted lines represent a double bond or a single bond, R is a substituted heteroaryl radical, where each R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a lower alkyl radical having up to six carbon atoms, X is -OR1, -N (R1) 2, or -N (R5) SO2R6, where R5 represents hydrogen or CH2OR6, R6 represents hydrogen, a lower alkyl radical having up to six carbon atoms, a substituted halogen derivative of said lower alkyl radical, or a substituted fluorine derivative of said lower alkyl radical, and R15 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl radical having up to six carbon atoms; and Y is = 0 or represents 2 hydrogen atoms, where the substituents in which the radical substituted heteroaryl in Formula I is / are selected from the group consisting of Cl to Cg alkyl, halogens, trifluoromethyl, COR1, COCF3, SO2N (R1) 2, NO2, and CN. 2. A biodegradable intraocular implant comprising a biodegradable polymer material and a therapeutic agent associated with the biodegradable polymer material, wherein the therapeutic agent comprises a compound having the formula (III)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug salt or ester thereof, in X is -OH or -N (R1) 2 and where R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-6 alkyl, and in which the implant is effective to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) of a mammal's eye. 3. An intraocular implant according to modality 2, in which the therapeutic agent comprises a compound that has the formula (IV)
or a pharmaceutically acceptable prodrug salt or ester thereof, where X is -OH or -NfR1, where R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and C1-6 alkyl. 4. An intraocular implant according to modality 3, in which the therapeutic agent comprises a compound that has the formula (Compound 1)
wherein the implant is effective in reducing IOP in a mammal's eye for 5 months or more after placement in the eye. 5. An intraocular implant according to any of modalities 1-4, in which the implant is sized for placement in the anterior chamber of the eye. 6. An intraocular implant according to any of the modalities 1-5, wherein the material comprises a biodegradable polymer poly (D, L-lactide), poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide), or a combination thereof . 7. An intraocular implant according to modality 4, in which the implant is effective in reducing intraocular pressure in the eye of a mammal by 20-30% for 5 months or more in relation to the intraocular pressure in the eye before receiving the implant . 8. The modality 4 implant, in which the therapeutic agent represents at least about 1% but not more than about 8% of the implant, by weight. 9. An implant, according to any modalities 1-8, in which the implant is produced by an extrusion process, and in which the implant is about 0.5 to about 2 mm in length, about 100 to about 500 pm in diameter, and about 10 to about 200 pg in total weight. 10. A method of reducing intraocular pressure in a patient, comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a therapeutic agent to the anterior chamber of an eye in the patient, thereby reducing intraocular pressure in the eye, in which the therapeutic agent has the formula
11. A method for reducing intraocular pressure in a patient, which comprises placing an intraocular implant according to any of modalities 1-9 in a patient's eye, thereby reducing intraocular pressure in the eye for 5 months or more. 12. The method of modality 10 or 11, in which the patient is suffering from, diagnosed with, or at risk of developing high intraocular pressure or glaucoma. 13. A method according to any of the 11-12 modalities, in which the intraocular implant is placed in the anterior chamber of the eye in the patient. 14. A method according to any of the modalities 11-13, in which the intraocular implant reduces the intraocular pressure in the eye by at least about 30%, in relation to the intraocular pressure in the eye before receiving the implant, for 3 -5 months or more after placement in the eye. 15. A method for making a biodegradable intraocular implant effective in reducing intraocular pressure in a patient, the implant comprising or consisting of a biodegradable polymeric material and a therapeutic agent associated with the biodegradable polymer material, in which the therapeutic agent has the formula ( Compound 1)
Compound 1 and the method comprising in order I) obtaining Compound 1 as a solid; II) mixing said solid state of Compound 1 with a biodegradable polymer or two or more biodegradable polymers to form a mixture, III) extruding the mixture to form a filament, and IV) cutting the filament to lengths suitable for placement in a region of an eye, thereby forming the intraocular implant, where obtaining Compound 1 as a solid comprises a) adding a form of Compound 1 oil to ethyl acetate (EtOAc) at about 50 ° C to form a mixture; b) stirring the mixture from step a) at 50 ° C to form a clear solution; c) cool the clear solution from step b) to approximately 30 ° C for 1-3 hours; d) adding a seed crystal of Compound 1 to the cooled solution from step c); e) keeping the solution seeded from step d) at about 30 ° C for 1-3 hours; f) cooling the solution seeded from step e) to a temperature of from about 0-5 ° C over about 1-5 hours; g) stirring the solution from step f) at a temperature of from about 0-5 ° C for 1-3 hours, to form a suspension; h) filtration of the suspension at a temperature between about 20 ° C and 25 ° C, thus producing a solid form of compound 1, and in which the seed crystal of Compound 1 is prepared by the method comprising i) dissolving in an oil form of Compound 1 in EtOAc at a temperature of about 35-40 ° C to form a mixture; j)) stirring the mixture from step i), at a temperature of about 35-40 ° C to form a clear solution; k) i) cooling the clear solution from step ii) to a temperature of from about 0-5 ° C over about 1-5 hours; l)) stirring the cooled solution from step iii) at a temperature from about 0-5 ° C for 1-3 hours, to form a white suspension; v) filtration of the white suspension from step iv) at a temperature between about 20 ° C and 25 ° C, to thereby produce seed crystal of Compound 1. 16. Another embodiment is a method for preparing a form crystalline crystal of a compound 1 according to steps iv, above. Example 1 Comparison of IOP prostamide reduction activities in vivo
[157] Compound 1 is within a class of compounds known collectively as prostamides (Woodward et al (2007) British Journal of Pharmacology 150: 342-352).
[158] A series of prostamides were selected as potential candidates for an intracameral biodegradable drug delivery system (eg, an implant) and tested for their ability to decrease IOP through direct administration to aqueous humor (therefore, intracameral administration). Table 1 shows the Ecso values (nM) obtained from the feline (cat) test of the iris, calculated log P values (P clog), and the IOP reduction values obtained after topical or intracameral administration for different prostamides . The intracameral drug was administered by placing an infusion pump in the subcutaneous pouch on the neck of dogs with a cannula running into the anterior chamber of the eye. The tests were carried out to measure and compare the concentration of the compound in the solution that leaves the pump with that initially added to the pump, in order to confirm the dosage level. As shown in Table 1, Compound 1 reduces intraocular pressure effectively and much more efficiently than when administered bimatoprost intracamerally (directly into the anterior chamber) to a normotensive dog's eye.
[159] The molecular structures of compounds 3-5 are shown below. Disclosure for compounds 3-5, including methods of synthesis, can be found in US Patents 6,602,900, 6,124,344, 5,834,498, and / or 5,688,819, as may be the case. Reference can also be found in WO 95/18102, WO 96/36599 and WO 99/25358, US 2007/0099984, and in US patent 5,741,810, and Schuster et al. (2000) Mol. Pharmacol. 58: 1511-1516

Table 1: prostamide / FP receptor and IOP reduction activity of prostamides I chose.
The symbol approximately means the symbol "<" means less than cLog P (calculated log P) is a measure of the compound's lipophilicity. The partition coefficient (P) for each compound is determined by calculating the ratio between the equilibrium concentrations of the dissolved ionized compound in each phase of a two-phase system consisting of n-octanol and water. * The test compounds were administered directly into the anterior chamber (intracameral) in doses ranging from 15 ng / day to 108 ng / day, using an infusion pump implanted subcutaneously in the animals. Only the right eyes were submitted to surgery and dosed while the eyes on the left side remained untreated to serve as a control. The number of animals treated ranged from 3-5. The infusion of test compounds to the right eye was maintained for 2-3 weeks while IOP measurements were obtained from both eyes 3 times a week using a TonoVet tonometer. The reduction in IOP% was calculated as the percentage difference observed in IOP at the time of measurement after the start of the infusion compared to the baseline value, before the start of the infusion. A dose level of 15 ng / day was selected for the compounds of interest based on the assumption of drug loading in a DDS IC and its size limitation given the intended dose location. * ★ The effects of compounds on intraocular pressure in dogs when administered topically to the eye were measured. The compounds were prepared at the concentrations indicated in a vehicle comprising 0.1% polysorbate 80 and 10 mM Tris base. Normotensive dogs were treated by administering 25 pl to the ocular surface of an eye, the contralateral eye received a vehicle as a control. Intraocular pressure was measured by pneumotonometry applanation. The dogs' intraocular pressure was measured immediately before drug administration and 6 hours later. * ** The activity of the prostamide / FP receptor of each compound was measured as a contraction of the isolated feline (cat) iris sphincter muscle. Example 2 Biodegradable intra-American implants for sustained release of compound 1 in vivo
[160] Additional studies have been carried out to identify a biodegradable formulation that can be manufactured in the form of an extruded implant suitable for placement in the anterior chamber of an eye and capable of providing close to zero order release of Compound 1 for at least three months , and preferably for at least six months after placement in the anterior chamber of the eye. An additional requirement was that the implant must be well tolerated by the eye, producing little or no adverse reactions, such as, for example, pain, redness or inflammation. With these objectives in mind, a series of extruded implants (including, for example, implants 1-9) were prepared and tested in vitroe in vivo, as described below. The compositions, dimensions and weights of Implants 1-9 are shown in Table 2. The biodegradable polymers used to prepare the implants were selected from the RESOMER® polymers available from Evonik Industries, AG, and are designated according to their polymer identification number in Table 2. Implant fabrication using a twin screw extruder
[161] Implants 1-4, 10, and 11 in Table 2 were manufactured by hot melt extrusion using a twin screw extruder (DSM Xplore 5 Micro Extruder) as follows.
[162] Before extrusion, a pure solid form of Compound 1 was prepared by dissolving crude compound 1 in ethyl acetate (EtOAc) at about 50 ° C and stirring at this temperature until a clear solution was obtained. This clear solution was then cooled slowly to a temperature of approximately 30 ° C over a period of time before sowing with a compound seed crystal. This solution was maintained at approximately 30 ° C for a period of time before cooling to 0-5 ° C over a few hours, and continued to stir at this temperature for a period of time. The suspension was then filtered at room temperature to obtain pure Compound 1.
[163] A seed crystal form of Compound 1 was prepared by dissolving pure compound 1 (an oil after purification by chromatography) in EtOAc at about 35-40 ° C and stirring at this temperature until a clear solution was obtained. This clear solution was then cooled slowly to a temperature of approximately 0-5 ° C over the course of a few hours, and then stirred at that temperature for a period of time. A white suspension formed was filtered and then at room temperature to provide compound 1 seed crystals.
[164] Before starting extrusion, the polymers, a pure solid form of Compound 1 (prepared as shown above), and excipients, if any, were mixed to ensure uniformity. To mix the implant components evenly before extrusion, Compound 1, polymers and excipient (if present) were accurately weighed and transferred to a small stainless steel container with two stainless steel balls. The materials were mixed using a Turbula mixer for 20 to 45 minutes. The powder mixture was mixed manually with a spatula again after mixing. The DSM twin screw extruder was assembled and preheated to the desired extrusion temperature (typically between 60 ° C to 100 ° C). The mixed material was then manually fed into the opening at the top of the drum between the two rotating screws. The fusion materials were transported to the pipe by rotating screws and extruded from a 500 pm nozzle. The diameter of the extruded filament was controlled by a Lasermike beta handle that was attached to the equipment. The filament diameter was adjusted by changing the handle speed. The final diameter of the filament generally ranged from 0.006 inches to 0.025 inches. Extruded filaments were then cut to lengths of 5 to 10 inches and collected into a storage tube. The tube was placed in the storage of an aluminum foil with a desiccant and oxygen-absorbent combination packaging pouch, heat sealed and stored in a -20 ° C freezer. Implant manufacturing using a piston extruder
[165] Implants 5-9 in Table 2 were manufactured using a solvent molding / hot melt extrusion process with a mechanically driven ram micro extruder (piston extruder). The drug substance (Compound 1, in the form of an oil), polymers and excipients, if any, were dissolved together in ethyl acetate to form a single solution. The solution was molded on a TEFLON® plate and dried overnight in a vacuum oven at 35 ° C to form a film. The film was ground into particles, which were then placed inside the heated cavity of a piston extruder and extruded into 200-250 pm diameter filaments using a piston extruder, at a temperature of 45-85 ° C through a nozzle. 2 00 pm and a speed setting number of 0.0025. The implants were made smaller using a smaller mouthpiece or pulling at a faster rate. Extruded filaments were cut to 5-inch lengths and collected in a storage tube. The tube was placed in the storage of an aluminum foil with a desiccant and oxygen-absorbent combination packaging pouch, heat sealed, and stored at a - 20 ° C in the freezer. In vitro release rate assay
[166] To measure the in vitro release rate to determine the cumulative in vitrode release profile for each implant formulation in a liquid environment, three 1.5 mm implants were cut from three filaments randomly selected from each batch of filaments to each formulation. Each implant was placed in an 8 mL glass flask containing 3 mL of 0.01 M buffered saline phosphate (pH 7.4) (release medium). The flasks were then placed in a shaking water bath set at 37 ° C and 50 rpm. At various points in time, the vials were removed from the bath and the entire volume of the release medium (3 ml) was removed and analyzed by HPLC for the total amount of prostamide released. Immediately after removing the release medium from the vial, 3 ml of fresh phosphate buffered saline was added to the vial and the vial was placed back in the water bath during further incubation until the next sampling time point. A cumulative in vitro release curve (or profile) was constructed from the values of the prostamide content obtained from the HPLC analysis.
[167] The cumulative amount of compound released is expressed as a percentage of the total amount of compound initially present in the implant. To determine the total amount of compound initially present in an implant, approximately 4 mg of each tested filament was weighed and transferred to a 5 ml volumetric flask. Then, 2.5 mL of acetonitrile was added to each flask. The flasks were shaken and swirled to completely dissolve the filament. Water was then added to the flask to bring the volume up to 5 ml. After the flask was mixed well, approximately 1.5 ml of the solution was transferred to a microcentrifuge tube and centrifuged for 10 minutes at 12,000 rpm. A portion of the clear supernatant was transferred to an HPLC flask for analysis of the prostamide content (for example, Compound 1). In vivo intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction studies
[168] The IOP-lowering effect of Implants 1-4 has been tested in normotensive dogs. A total of eight normotensive dogs were treated with each implant. In preparation for in vivo IOP reduction studies, each implant (having the dimensions, weight, and composition shown in Table 2) was loaded onto a needle-tipped release device (one implant per device). The whole set (device and implant) was then sterilized with 20-25 kGy of electron beam radiation. Each dog received an implant in the anterior chamber of the right eye, while the left eye was left untreated to serve as a control. IOP measurements were obtained from both eyes before and after administration at a frequency of 3 times a week for ~ 5 months after the dose. The reduction in IOP% was calculated as the percentage difference observed in IOP, at the time of measurement after administration compared to baseline. The mean reduction in IOP% for treated and untreated eyes observed for each group of eight dogs is shown in Figures 5-8. Comparing in vivo duration of efficacy for the in-vitro release profile for 1 -4 implants, it was clear that the IOP-lowering effect in normotensive dogs lasted much longer than what could have been predicted based on the results of the release studies in vitro, a surprising finding still favorable.
[169] Figures 2-4 and 9 show the cumulative release profiles of Compound 1 from each of the implants listed in Table 2. The average daily amount (ng / day) of Compound 1 from each implant released to the over time in vitro is listed in Table 2. As shown in Figures 2 and 9, implants 1-4 and 9 released Compound 1 at a constant or almost zero rate continuously with little or no latency period for extended periods . Implant 5 released little drug (Compound 1) in vitro, during the first two months in release medium and then released an acute burst of the drug equal to about 80% of the initial load (Fig. 5). Implant 6, similarly, was unable to release any significant amount of drug, even after two full months of incubation in the release medium (Fig. 3).
[170] In addition, it was surprisingly found that when the amount of Compound 1 in the implant exceeded 8% by weight, the implants produced a significant burst of drug release and / or provided very rapid release rates that were generally considered to be being unsuitable for the intended therapeutic uses. For example, implant 7 released approximately 55% of its drug load on day 1, with only a modest amount of drug release thereafter (Fig. 4). Implant 8 released more than 70% of its drug load during the first two weeks in release medium (Fig. 4).
[171] When tested on dogs, each of the four implants (implants 1-4; see Table 2) reduced the intraocular pressure in the eye by an average of 20% to 30% of the IOP baseline, depending on the formulation ( Figures 5- 8). The duration of the intraocular pressure reduction effect in the eye produced by each of the implants containing prostamide (compound 1), lasted for at least 120 days after placing the implant in the anterior chamber of the eye. The stability of compound 1 in Implant No. 3 (as measured by the formation of impurity after storage at 25 ° C or 30 ° C for 1.5 months and 3 months) was improved by incorporating an antioxidant into the implant formulation No. 3 (Implants 10 and 11). For example, the inclusion of ascorbic acid 2.0%, with a corresponding adjustment of the weight percentage of the three polymers (as in implant No. 11) reduced the total impurity of % formed in the implant after 1.5 and 3 months of storage at 25 ° C or 30 ° C, compared to the total% of impurity formed during these periods in an implant having Formulation No. 3 (Table 3). Likewise, the inclusion of 2.0% butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and 0.5% EDTA, with a corresponding adjustment in the weight percentage of the three polymers (as in implant No. 10) decreased the total impurity% formed on the implant after 1.5 and 3 months of storage, compared to the total% of impurity formed during these same periods in an implant having Formulation No. 3 (Table 3). Thus, including an antioxidant improves the stability of compound 1, thereby extending the shelf life and preserving the activity of the manufactured implant. The inclusion of EDTA, a metal chelating agent, can increase stability. The percentage of cumulative in vitro release compounds from each of implants 10 and 11, compared to that of implant 3 are shown in (Figure 10). Table 2: Extruded implants prepared and tested according to Example 2.
RESOMER® RG755S is a poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) Having an ester terminal group and an inherent viscosity of about 0.50 - 0.70 dl / g (as measured by a 0.1% solution in chloroform at 25 ° C), and a molar ratio of D, L-lactide: glycolide of about 75:25. PEG 3350 = polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 3,350. Hexadecanol = hexadecan-l-ol (cetyl alcohol) BHA = Butylhydroxyanisole EDTA = ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid Compound 1 is a prostamide having the following structure:
Table 3: Stability study of extruded implants with and without antioxidants1

After fabrication, the implants were stored in an aluminum bag containing a desiccant and sealed oxygen-absorbing package after the bag was purged with nitrogen

权利要求:
Claims (12)
[0001]
1. Biodegradable intraocular implant comprising a biodegradable polymer material and a therapeutic agent associated with the biodegradable polymer material, characterized in that the therapeutic agent comprises a compound that has the formula below (Compound 1)
[0002]
2. Implant according to claim 1, characterized in that the implant is effective in reducing intraocular pressure in a mammal's eye for 5 months or more after placement in the eye.
[0003]
Implant according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the biodegradable polymer material comprises a poly (D, L-lactide), poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide), or a combination thereof.
[0004]
Implant according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the implant is effective in reducing the intraocular pressure in a mammal's eye by 20-30% for 5 months or more in relation to the intraocular pressure in the eye before receive the implant.
[0005]
Implant according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the therapeutic agent represents at least 1% but not more than 8% of the implant, by weight.
[0006]
6. Implant according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the implant is produced by an extrusion process, and in which the implant is 0.5 to 2 mm in length, 100 to 300 pm in diameter, and 10 to 200 pg in total weight.
[0007]
7. Implant according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a biodegradable polymer material, hexadecane-1-ol, and 8%, by weight, of a compound with the formula
[0008]
8. Implant according to claim 7, characterized in that the implant further comprises (i) an antioxidant or a chelating agent, or (ii) both an antioxidant and a chelating agent.
[0009]
9. Use of an implant, as defined in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that it is in the preparation of a medicament for treating a disease.
[0010]
10. Use of an implant, as defined in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that it is in the preparation of a medicament for reducing high intraocular pressure.
[0011]
11. Use of an implant, as defined in any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that it is in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prevention of glaucoma.
[0012]
12. Method for making a biodegradable intraocular implant, as defined in claim 1, characterized in that the method comprises in order (I) to obtain Compound 1 as a solid; (II) mixing said solid form of Compound 1 with a biodegradable polymer or two or more biodegradable polymers, to form a mixture; (III) extruding the mixture to form a filament; and (IV) cutting the filament to lengths suitable for placement in an eye region of an eye, thereby forming the intraocular implant; wherein obtaining Compound 1 in the form of solids comprises a) adding an oil form of Compound 1 to ethyl acetate (EtOAc) at about 50 ° C to form a mixture; b) stirring the mixture from step a) at 50 ° C to form a clear solution; c) cool the clear solution from step b) to approximately 30 ° C for 1-3 hours; Mb d) adding a seed crystal of Compound 1 to the cooled solution from step c); e) keeping the solution seeded from step d) at about 30 ° C for 1-3 hours; f) cooling the solution seeded from step e) to a temperature of from about 0-5 ° C over about 1-5 hours; g) stirring the solution from step f) at a temperature of from about 0-5 ° C for 1-3 hours, to form a suspension; h) filtering the suspension from step g), at a temperature between about 20 ° C and 25 ° C, to thereby produce a solid form of compound 1; and wherein the seed crystal of Compound 1 is prepared by the method comprising i) dissolving an oil form of Compound 1 in EtOAc at a temperature of about 35-40 ° C to form a mixture; j)) stirring the mixture from step i), at a temperature of about 35-40 ° C to form a clear solution; k) i) cooling the clear solution from step ii) to a temperature of from about 0-5 ° C over about 1-5 hours; l)) stirring the cooled solution from step iii) at a temperature of from about 0-5 ° C for 1-3 hours, to form a white suspension; filtration of the white suspension from step iv) at a temperature between about 20 ° C and 25 ° C, to thereby produce Compound 1 crystal seed.

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AU2018202049A1|2018-04-12|

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JP6675298B2|2020-04-01|

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TW201907917A|2019-03-01|

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WO2014143754A3|2014-11-06|

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US9889142B2|2018-02-13|

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EP2968668B1|2019-07-03|

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BR112015022161A2|2017-07-18|

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WO2014143754A2|2014-09-18|

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US20140271780A1|2014-09-18|

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TW201529096A|2015-08-01|

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BR122019025507B1|2021-01-12|

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法律状态:
2018-01-23| B07D| Technical examination (opinion) related to article 229 of industrial property law [chapter 7.4 patent gazette]|

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2018-02-27| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|

---

2018-05-15| B07B| Technical examination (opinion): publication cancelled [chapter 7.2 patent gazette]|

---

2019-08-27| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|

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2020-04-07| B06A| Patent application procedure suspended [chapter 6.1 patent gazette]|

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2020-07-14| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|

---

2020-11-24| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 14/03/2014, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |

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PCT/US2014/027851|WO2014143754A2|2013-03-15|2014-03-14|Prostamide-containing intraocular implant|BR122019025507-5A| BR122019025507B1|2013-03-15|2014-03-14|biodegradable intraocular implant containing prostamide and its use|